Question 1

Why were the disciples plucking grain on the Sabbath in this passage?

Accepted Answer

The disciples were simply hungry as they walked with Jesus through the grain fields on the Sabbath. They began to pick some ears of grain and eat them. This was allowed in God’s law as a way to feed the poor and travelers, but the Pharisees treated it as if they were doing forbidden work, like reaping. Jesus points out that their need for food was real and that God never meant the Sabbath to starve people. Their simple act of eating while following Jesus was not rebellion but human need.

Question 2

Why did the Pharisees say the disciples were breaking the Sabbath?

Accepted Answer

The Pharisees believed that almost any physical act with grain on the Sabbath counted as work. To them, plucking heads of grain looked like harvesting, which they thought was forbidden on that day. They focused on tiny outward rules and did not consider the disciples’ hunger or the purpose of the Sabbath. Jesus exposes this by showing that they were strict about small actions while missing the weightier matters of God’s law, like mercy and care for people in need.

Question 3

What is the meaning of Jesus mentioning David eating the shewbread?

Accepted Answer

Jesus brings up David eating the holy bread to show that human need can outweigh ceremonial rules. David and his men were hungry and there was no ordinary food available, so the priest gave them the bread usually reserved for priests. Scripture does not condemn David for this. Jesus uses that story to defend his disciples: if David could eat holy bread in hunger, then his followers are not wrong to pick a little grain to satisfy their hunger on the Sabbath.

Question 4

Why does Jesus say the priests profane the Sabbath and are blameless?

Accepted Answer

Jesus is speaking in a way his hearers would understand. On the Sabbath the law told people to rest from their normal work, yet the priests still worked in the temple. They prepared sacrifices and carried out many tasks. To some people that might look like breaking the Sabbath, but in truth those acts were part of serving God and were not sinful. Jesus’ point is that service to God and acts tied to worship are not against the Sabbath, even if they involve physical work.

Question 5

What does Jesus mean by saying someone greater than the temple is here?

Accepted Answer

When Jesus says, “in this place is one greater than the temple,” he is pointing to himself. The temple was the center of Israel’s worship and very precious to the people. Yet Jesus claims to be greater than that holy building. If temple service allowed certain kinds of work on the Sabbath, then serving and following the one who is greater than the temple certainly cannot be wrong. Jesus shows that his presence and mission have higher authority than the temple system.

Question 6

What does I will have mercy and not sacrifice mean in this passage?

Accepted Answer

This line shows that God cares more about mercy and kindness than about outward religious rituals by themselves. Sacrifices and ceremonies were given by God, but they were never meant to replace love for others. The Pharisees were eager to point out what they saw as a small Sabbath rule being broken, while ignoring the disciples’ hunger and need. Jesus says that if they really understood God’s words about mercy, they would not have condemned those who were actually innocent.

Question 7

What does it mean that the Son of man is Lord even of the sabbath day?

Accepted Answer

By calling himself the Son of man and saying he is Lord of the Sabbath, Jesus claims authority over that day. He is not just arguing about details of rules; he is saying he has the right to explain the Sabbath’s true meaning and how it should be kept. The Sabbath was made for people’s good, for rest and for drawing near to God, not as a heavy burden. As Lord of the Sabbath, Jesus can free his followers from wrong views of it and show that mercy and doing good are always fitting.

Question 8

What does this passage teach about how to keep the Sabbath?

Accepted Answer

This passage shows that keeping the Sabbath is not about counting tiny actions but about honoring God in rest, worship, and kindness. Works of necessity, like eating when hungry, and works tied to worship, like what the priests did, are fitting. God does not ask people to ignore real needs to keep outward rules. Jesus teaches that the Sabbath should reflect God’s heart: it is right to care for people, to show mercy, and to serve God, rather than to bind consciences with human traditions.

Question 9

How does this passage warn against legalism and harsh judgment?

Accepted Answer

The Pharisees were quick to accuse, slow to show mercy, and sure they were right because they kept many outward rules. Jesus exposes this attitude. He shows that they had missed the meaning of Scripture and the purpose of God’s commands. They judged the disciples as guilty when they were actually innocent. This warns us not to use God’s law as a tool to condemn others over small things, while ignoring their needs. God wants hearts that love mercy more than strict outward show.

Matthew 12:1

At that time Jesus went on the sabbath day through the corn; and his disciples were an hungred, and began to pluck the ears of corn, and to eat.

The Lord of the Sabbath

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Matthew 12:1

At that time Jesus went on the sabbath day through the corn; and his disciples were an hungred, and began to pluck the ears of corn, and to eat.

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The Lord of the Sabbath

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