Question 1

What is happening in the year that King Ahaz died in this passage?

Accepted Answer

The passage points to a specific moment in Judah’s history, the year King Ahaz dies. Philistia, the land of the Philistines, had suffered under earlier kings of Judah who were strong against them. During Ahaz’s reign they had enjoyed more success and likely felt more secure. When Ahaz dies and his young son Hezekiah takes the throne, the Philistines think this change in power is good news for them. Into that situation, God sends this message through Isaiah to warn them that their joy is misplaced and that greater trouble is coming from Judah’s side.

Question 2

Why are the people of Philistia told not to rejoice when the rod is broken?

Accepted Answer

Philistia is told not to rejoice because they think the power that once beat them down is gone for good. The “rod of him that smote thee” points to a king of Judah who had been strong against them. With his death, the Philistines assume their enemy’s strength is finished and they can relax. God corrects this. He says that from the same line will rise an even more dangerous ruler, pictured as an adder and a fiery flying serpent. In other words, their joy is short-sighted. The change of kings does not mean God has stopped defending his people.

Question 3

What do the serpent, cockatrice, and fiery flying serpent represent here?

Accepted Answer

This wording has been read in more than one way, but the main idea is clear. The “serpent,” “cockatrice,” and “fiery flying serpent” picture a rising and growing threat to Philistia. Most readers see these as images for kings that come from the same royal line in Judah. One king had already hurt Philistia, and another, like a more poisonous and faster serpent, will strike them even harder. The point is not to map every creature to a specific name, but to show that what comes next will be more dangerous than what came before, and that God is the one raising this up.

Question 4

Who are the firstborn of the poor, and what does it mean that they shall feed?

Accepted Answer

The “firstborn of the poor” means the very poorest and most troubled among God’s people in Judah, those who had suffered deeply during hard times. God promises that under the new king from David’s line, these people will have food and rest. To “feed” and to “lie down in safety” picture sheep in a good pasture with a careful shepherd. While Philistia faces famine and the sword, the poor in Zion will have enough and will be able to rest without fear. It shows that God sees the weakest and most needy and makes special care that they are provided for.

Question 5

What does it mean that God will kill Philistia’s root with famine and slay the remnant?

Accepted Answer

The image of killing the “root” with famine is like drying up a tree from below so it cannot grow again. God says he will strike at the very base of Philistia’s strength, not just trim the branches. Famine will weaken them severely, and then the remaining survivors, the “remnant,” will be struck down by the sword. This shows a full and thorough judgment, reaching both their supplies and their people. It reminds us that when God decides to bring down a proud nation that fights his purposes, no part of that false security can stand against him.

Question 6

What is the smoke from the north and why does it cause howling in Philistia?

Accepted Answer

The “smoke from the north” points to an approaching army that will sweep down on Philistia. As armies moved, the dust and smoke they raised could be seen from far away. Here, the north is where this threat comes from, either from Judah’s side or from a later invading empire God uses. The picture is of a force so large and steady that no one stays behind or falls out; “none shall be alone in his appointed times.” Because of this looming danger, the gates and cities of Philistia are called to howl and cry. Their sense of being safe collapses as God’s judgment draws near.

Question 7

What should be answered to the messengers of the nation in verse 32?

Accepted Answer

The closing verse imagines messengers from other nations asking what is going on. The answer God gives is simple and strong: “The Lord hath founded Zion, and the poor of his people shall trust in it.” In other words, whatever happens to proud enemies, God’s work in Zion is steady. He himself set it up, and he protects it. The poor and humble among his people can safely take refuge there. This turns the focus away from changing politics and battles and back to God’s unshakable care for his people gathered around him.

Question 8

What does this passage teach about God’s character and his treatment of the poor?

Accepted Answer

This passage shows that God is not fooled by proud celebrations when the wicked think they are safe, and he does not forget the suffering of his own people. He brings down nations that fight against his people and rely on their own strength. At the same time, he speaks gently about “the firstborn of the poor” and promises that they will have food and safety. He makes clear that he himself has founded Zion as a place of refuge. So we see both his power to judge and his care for the weak, especially those who look to him in faith.

Question 9

How can this prophecy against Philistia help believers think about security today?

Accepted Answer

Philistia thought their danger had passed when a strong king of Judah died, and they built their hope on that change. God shows that real security does not rest on which ruler has more power at any moment. He controls history and raises up or brings down nations as he pleases. At the same time, he points his people to Zion as the place where the poor can safely trust. For believers today, this encourages us to hold loosely to political or earthly strength and to rest our confidence in God’s care, his promises, and the community he gathers around his name.

Question 10

Why is this passage sometimes difficult to understand with the serpent images?

Accepted Answer

The serpent, cockatrice, and fiery flying serpent are strange pictures to modern readers, and the text does not explain each image in detail. Faithful readers have seen this in more than one way. Some connect each creature with different foreign powers, while others see them as different kings from the same royal line in Judah. What is clear, and shared in all readings, is the main movement: Philistia’s threat is not gone, it is actually growing. The images pile up to show increasing danger. When a verse uses vivid pictures like this, it is helpful to focus first on that clear main point.

Isaiah 14:28

In the year that king Ahaz died was this burden.

Philistia Will Be Destroyed

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Isaiah 14:28

In the year that king Ahaz died was this burden.

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Philistia Will Be Destroyed

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