Question 1

What does it mean that Jesus is the mediator of a better covenant?

Accepted Answer

When this passage calls Jesus the mediator of a better covenant, it means he is the go-between who brings people into a new agreement with God. Under the old system, priests from Levi stood between the people and God through animal sacrifices and rituals. That covenant was temporary and showed people their sin, but it could not truly change their hearts. Jesus, by his death and risen life, brings a covenant that rests on better promises. Through him, God gives real heart change, true knowledge of God, and full, lasting forgiveness of sins.

Question 2

Why was there a need for a new covenant if God gave the first one?

Accepted Answer

The passage explains that if the first covenant had been faultless, there would have been no need for a second. God’s law was good, but the people did not continue in that covenant. The problem was not that God’s commands were wrong, but that the arrangement did not bring the inner power and change people needed. The old covenant exposed sin and pointed forward, but it did not complete God’s plan. So God promised a new covenant, one that would deal with the heart, bring true obedience from within, and provide full mercy for sins.

Question 3

What does it mean that God writes his laws in minds and hearts?

Accepted Answer

When God says, “I will put my laws into their mind, and write them in their hearts,” he is talking about an inner work, not just rules on stone or paper. Under the new covenant, God gives understanding to know his ways, memory to keep them, and desire to love and do them. His will becomes part of who his people are on the inside. This means obedience is not only about outside pressure or fear, but about a changed heart. God himself shapes the thoughts, loves, and choices of his people so they can walk with him more gladly and steadily.

Question 4

How will all God’s people "know the Lord" from least to greatest?

Accepted Answer

The passage says that in the new covenant, “they shall not teach every man his neighbour… saying, Know the Lord: for all shall know me, from the least to the greatest.” This does not mean there is no need for teaching at all, but that knowing God is no longer limited to a few. Under the old covenant, things were more shadowy and distant, and access to God was restricted. Now God gives his Spirit widely, and his truth is clearly preached. Everyone who belongs to him, young or old, low or high, comes to a real, personal knowledge of God, not just second-hand information.

Question 5

What does "their sins and iniquities will I remember no more" teach about God?

Accepted Answer

When God says, “their sins and their iniquities will I remember no more,” he is not saying he forgets in the way people do, but that he will no longer hold those sins against his people. It shows his deep mercy. The pardon he gives in the new covenant is free, because it comes from his own kindness, not from our merit. It is full, reaching to unrighteousness, sins, and iniquities of many kinds. And it is fixed, because he does not bring those forgiven sins back up for judgment. This opens the way for other blessings, since unforgiven sin no longer blocks his grace.

Question 6

In what sense has the first covenant become old and ready to vanish away?

Accepted Answer

The writer explains that by calling this covenant “new,” God has made the first one old. Something that is old in this way is near to disappearing. The point is not that God’s earlier work was bad, but that it had served its purpose. The old covenant with its priesthood and sacrifices was always meant to be temporary and to point ahead. When the new covenant of Christ arrived, with better promises and real heart change, the old form was no longer needed. Like a candle at sunrise, it fades when the greater light comes. The priestly system and rituals are now set aside.

Question 7

Who is included in the "house of Israel" and "house of Judah" in this promise?

Accepted Answer

The promise of a new covenant is first spoken to the house of Israel and the house of Judah, the people God brought out of Egypt. Over time those kingdoms had been divided, but here God speaks of them together as one house. In the new covenant, this promise reaches all who truly belong to God through Christ, not only by birth but by faith. This means that people from every nation who are joined to Jesus share in these same promises: God’s law written in the heart, a close relationship with him, true knowledge of him, and full forgiveness.

Question 8

How does this passage help believers understand the difference between law and grace?

Accepted Answer

This passage shows that the old covenant highlighted God’s law from the outside, with commands and rituals, but did not give the deep inner change needed to keep it. People broke that covenant, and God “regarded them not” in that arrangement. In the new covenant, God still has a law, but now he writes it in minds and hearts. Grace does not mean there is no obedience; it means God himself supplies the desire, strength, and forgiveness needed. Instead of depending on our own efforts under a heavy yoke, we live under promises where God works within us and remembers our sins no more.

Question 9

What was happening in the background when God first made the old covenant mentioned here?

Accepted Answer

The old covenant in view was made when God led the people out of the land of Egypt. He took them by the hand, like a father leading a child, and brought them to himself. At that time he gave them his law, set up priests and sacrifices, and formed them into his special people. That covenant showed his care and power, but the people did not continue in it. They broke his commands again and again. This failure in history is one reason the passage points to God’s promise of a new kind of covenant with deeper, inner change and lasting mercy.

Question 10

How can this teaching about the new covenant affect a believer’s daily life today?

Accepted Answer

This passage reminds a believer that life with God is not based on trying to keep an external list to earn favour, but on living under promises that God himself keeps. Knowing that God writes his law in the heart encourages prayer for inner change, not just outward reform. Knowing that all God’s people truly know him encourages regular listening to his Word and gathering with others who belong to him. Knowing that he will remember sins no more leads to honest confession and real peace, instead of constant fear. Day by day, a believer can rest in Jesus as the mediator who holds this covenant firm.

Hebrews 8:6

But now hath he obtained a more excellent ministry, by how much also he is the mediator of a better covenant, which was established upon better promises.

The New Covenant

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Hebrews 8:6

But now hath he obtained a more excellent ministry, by how much also he is the mediator of a better covenant, which was established upon better promises.

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The New Covenant

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